Application of half-wave plate and PBS in optical experiments

A half-wave plate is a birefringent element that can rotate the polarization direction of linearly polarized light by 90 degrees or 180 degrees. The principle is to use the birefringence properties of the material, when the light through the material, will be divided into two beams of light, respectively, along the different direction of propagation. The phase difference between the two beams is half a wavelength, so it is called a half-wave plate.

Half-wave plates are widely used in optical experiments and instruments, for example, in optical measurement equipment such as ellipsometers, which can be used to adjust the polarization direction of light. In addition, the half-wave plate is also an essential component in the fields of laser interference and spectral analysis.

Principles and Applications of PBS
The PBS is an optical element that can split incident light into two beams according to its polarization direction. It is usually used to separate incident light into p-light (polarized light parallel to the incident plane) and s-light (polarized light perpendicular to the incident plane). The principle of PBS is to use the absorption and reflection characteristics of the material to divide the incident light into two beams.

PBS is widely used in optical experiments and instruments, such as laser interference, spectral analysis and other fields. In addition, the PBS is also an essential element in optical communication.